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ELPI+™ (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor)

a new, improved version of the widely used and well characterized ELPI™ system.

ELPI+™ enables measurement of real-time particle size distribution and concentration in the size range of 6nm - 10μm with 10Hz sampling rate. The ELPI+™ features include real-time stand-alone operation, wide sample concentration range, wide particle size range and robust structure for operation even in harsh conditions. The use of impactor technology enables post-measurement chemical analysis of size classified particles. In addition to gaining real-time particle size distribution data, the ELPI+™ can be used for real-time particle charge distribution and gravimetric impactor measurements. All these features enable the use of the ELPI+™ instrument in wide range of particle measurement applications including combustion aerosol and engine exhaust studies, pharmaceutical inhaler development, air quality monitoring and general aerosol research.

ELPI+™  features include:

• Wide particle size range; 6nm – 10μm
• 14 particle size fractions
• 10Hz sampling rate
• Possibility to collect size classified particles for chemical analysis
• Wide operational concentration range
• Independent stand-alone operation or control via laptop using ELPI+VI software
• Large 7」 WVGA display with graphic user interface
• Analogue inputs and outputs

DMM, Dekati® Mass Monitor, is a real-time instrument for diesel and gasoline vehicle PM (Particulate Matter) emission measurements. Used either with a tailpipe sampling system or existing CVS tunnel it provides second-by-second information about vehicle PM mass and number emission. 

Despite the discussed number-based measurement standards the mass emission is still the basis of all regulatory measurements. Conventional PM measurements are based on particulate mass measurement with a gravimetric filter, resulting only in a total, cumulative mass emission. Real-time data from DMM provides second-by-second information about particle total mass during accelerations, decelerations and different speed points immediately during the measurement. In addition to particle mass concentration, DMM also provides information on particle number concentration.

Since the instrument is intended for daily routine usage special attention has been paid for usability issues. Ease of use, reliability and integration to test cell information and data logging systems have not compromised the accuracy and sensitivity of this system. DMM is developed so that the detection limit is as low as 1 µg/m3, time response 2-3 seconds and repeatability is better than with gravimetric measurement.

DMM provides:

• Real-time particle mass concentration
• Real-time particle number concentration
• MMD (Mass median diameter)

DLPI (Dekati® Low Pressure Impactor) is a cascade low pressure impactor to classify airborne particles into 13 size fractions. The size classification is made from 30 nm up to 10 µm with evenly distributed impactor stages. Additional back-up filter can be used to collect particles smaller than 30 nm. The impactor is available with 10 and 30 l/min sample flow rate.

DLPI has 13-stages so particles are size classified into 13 size fraction inside the unit. The particles are collected on 25 mm collection substrates that are weighed before and after the measurement to obtain gravimetric size distribution of the particles. Other DLPI characteristics include low inter-stage wall-losses and robust yet easy-to-use operation. The rigid stainless steel construction of the DLPI makes it suitable for a wide variety of applications including power plant and vehicle emission measurements, engine blow-by measurements, air quality studies and pharmaceutical aerosol device testing. The DLPI impactor has the same design as the impactor used in the real-time particle size distribution measurement device

DGI-1570 (Dekati® Gravimetric Impactor) is a cascade impactor designed for measuring particle size distribution from engine exhaust. It is a gravimetric impactor which can replace a standard filter holder and is therefore easy to add to existing emission measurement systems.

In DGI the size classified particles are collected on Ø47 mm substrates and analysed gravimetrically or chemically after the measurement. The nominal sample flow rate is 70 lpm which enables high sample yield even during short measurement periods.

In standard setup the DGI size classifies particles into 5 size fractions with stage cutpoints of 2.5, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.2 µm. In modified setup two lowest stages are removed and the backup filter collects particles smaller than 1 µm. The backup filter size is 70 mm in diameter.

Dekati® PM10 impactor 符合ISO 23210 標準 。
Dekati® PM10 impactor 是一個3級式衝擊器，用於大氣中的顆粒物分級採集，分析品質濃度和粒徑分佈。
衝擊器分類微粒方法由四個不同尺寸的撞擊盤，微粒被收集在每ㄧ階段的濾紙上，可用來測定重量或之後的化學分析。
粒徑分級範圍為10、2.5和1 µm，若需要部分階段可去除來做更加簡單的設定。
PM10衝擊器有二種不同的流速， 10或30 l/min。

Dekati FPS-400是為燃燒或其他工業過程中測量微粒所設計的完整採樣系統。通過稀釋率，稀釋溫度和停留時間的調整，可以得到靈活並明確的取樣，使從汽車排煙管或者電廠煙囪中取出的試樣達到測量儀器對試樣濃度和溫度的要求。

工作原理：
稀釋分兩步完成，第一稀釋階段是由多孔管技術來完成，這一技術在氣溶膠的研究中被證明為一種有效的工具，稀釋率和稀釋溫度在第一段中是可控與可調。試樣在樣品溫度下稀釋可以減小揮發和半揮發性蒸汽的影響，冷卻稀釋可以擴大形核與凝結效應。
 
第二階段的稀釋採用噴射稀釋器，利用取樣泵並且使樣品回到室溫。噴射稀釋的稀釋率也是可以控制和調整的。

電氣控制和軟體
FPS-4000的控制單元包括對溫度和壓力的測量，加熱和冷卻的控制，資料的採集和傳輸，使用標準的RS-232串列介面與電腦相連。LabVIEW 軟體提供在電腦上顯示資料和圖形顯示。這個軟體可調整稀釋率和加熱、冷卻溫度的設定；還可以做連續的稀釋參數監測與即時的稀釋率計算，軟體顯示測量數值並存儲資料到用戶指定的檔中。

應用：
汽車排放的微粒濃度
電廠的煙囪排放
各種燃燒研究
工業過程監控
飛行器研究

DEED是新的PMP-conform 引擎尾氣系統。
對比一般的多級稀釋系統，DEED是一個簡單，容易使用的系統。

特色：

• Fulfills all PMP recommendations for sample conditioning
• Extremely low solid particle losses
  •     Long cleaning intervals
• Simple user interface - only two operation switches
  •     High/Low dilution ratio
  •     Heating on/off
• Always constant dilution ratio
  •     High reproducibility
• Dilution ratio calibrated with solid particles
• Remote AK-protocol control available

針對氣膠微粒與氣體樣本的稀釋，Dekati® Diluter DI-1000 是較便宜、簡單且容易操作之設備。 不鏽鋼的設計使它針對氣膠微粒的稀釋能應用的更加廣泛。
Dekati® Diluter稀釋比率為1：8。

      帶電低壓衝擊器監測儀（ELPI）可即時測量範圍在30nm到10μm 的顆粒物分佈和粒數濃度。ELPI 可以應用在任何顆粒物分佈範圍很大並且要求快速反應的場合。包括燃燒時產生的顆粒研究，篩檢程式測試和一般的氣溶膠研究。

      ELPI將衝擊儀顆粒物分級的精確性和電子測量的快速反應性有效地結合在同一套裝置上。在充電室，給顆粒物充以精確的電荷數，當顆粒物撞擊到收集板上時，用極高靈敏度的多通道電子測量儀即時測量電荷數。通過ELPI，可以測量在很大粒徑範圍內之暫態顆粒物粒徑分佈和濃度。互動式的用戶介面可用多種不同的模式監測顆粒物的總濃度和顆粒物的粒徑分佈。這些模式包括並行的即時顆粒物分佈和總濃度監測，也可在相同的視窗中，同時有多個監測單元。ELPI是個收集裝置，可對收集到的分級顆粒物樣品進行化學分析或比重分析。

工作原理

    含有顆粒的氣體樣品先通過一個單極電暈充電室進行充電，帶電的顆粒物接著被運送到絕緣收集層的低壓衝擊儀上，進入每一個層面的帶電顆粒物的電流，可即時的通過一個多通道精密電子測量計進行電量測量。標準的RS232 埠是為筆記本電腦或PC機提供通訊介面的。衝擊儀的每一層收集板上收集到的顆粒物，是根據顆粒物的空氣動力學特性，利用充電室特性和衝擊儀各層的顆粒物尺寸，將電流轉化為顆粒物的粒徑分佈。

Outdoor Air ELPI™ (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor) is a modified version of the standardELPI™ instrument. Like the standard version, the Outdoor Air ELPI™ measures airborne particle size distribution and concentration in real-time. It operates in the size range of 7 nm – 10 µm with the filter stage accessory, and can be applied to various different types of measurements where the requirements for the instrument include a wide particle size range and fast response time. The Outdoor Air version is specially designed for ambient air measurements, although it can be used in other applications as well. The operating principle  of the Outdoor Air ELPI™ is the same as that of ELPI™’s where the well-known impactor technology is combined with particle charging and electrical detection. Some features have been added to the Outdoor Air version to make it more suitable for ambient air monitoring:

• Higher sample flow rate (30 lpm) to increase sensitivity
• Integrated humidity and temperature sensor for monitoring the sample
• Option for stand-alone operation

The Dekati® Cyclone 是EPA標準旋風式微粒採樣器，從入流口來去除大微粒。
該旋風式微粒採樣器由於是不鏽鋼設計，因此可用於高溫。
依據EPA標準201A製造，配合標準等動能噴管作為輔助部件，Dekati®標準旋風式微粒採樣器具有高耐久性，但仍需要定時清理。

可從汽車尾氣移除消揮發性有機物來研究媒煙粒。
儀器的高流速使它成為一個理想的工具來與 ELPI™  (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor) 和 DMM  (Dekati Mass Monitor)做結合。

The Dekati® Axial Diluter DAD-100 是一個簡單又有效率的稀釋工具。
特别設計配合Dekati儀器使用， DAD-100非常簡單安裝於所有採樣或測量系统。
不鏽鋼設計可加熱稀釋至500°C。